Geriatric Medicine Research

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Geriatric Medicine Research · Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health

GMR Toolkit

Research

These are the published papers and web pages from our group that the tools on this site are built on, and each tool's page lists its full references.

Our other published research, each paper with a short plain-language summary, is on the "Our research" tab.

Clinical Frailty Scale Classification Tool

Tool pages: Clinical Frailty Scale Classification Tool (Full version), Clinical Frailty Scale Classification Tool (Short version)

This reference list is under review.

  1. Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I, Mitnitski A. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ. 2005;173(5):489–495. doi:10.1503/cmaj.050051
  2. Theou O, Pérez-Zepeda MU, van der Valk AM, Searle SD, Howlett SE, Rockwood K. A classification tree to assist with routine scoring of the Clinical Frailty Scale. Age Ageing. 2021;50(4):1406–1411. doi:10.1093/ageing/afab006

Fit-to-Frail Index Calculator

Tool page: Fit-to-Frail Index Calculator

This reference list is under review.

  1. Searle SD, Mitnitski A, Gahbauer EA, Gill TM, Rockwood K. A standard procedure for creating a frailty index. BMC Geriatr. 2008;8:24. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-8-24
  2. Pérez-Zepeda MU, Godin J, Armstrong JJ, Andrew MK, Mitnitski A, Kirkland S, Rockwood K, Theou O. Frailty among middle-aged and older Canadians: population norms for the frailty index using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Age Ageing. 2021;50(2):447–456. doi:10.1093/ageing/afaa144

Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale

Tool page: Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale (Beta)

This reference list is under review.

  1. Theou O, Andrew M, Ahip SS, Squires E, McGarrigle L, Blodgett JM, Goldstein J, Hominick K, Godin J, Hougan G, Armstrong JJ, Wallace L, Sazlina SG, Moorhouse P, Fay S, Visvanathan R, Rockwood K. The Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale: developing a visual scale to assess frailty. Can Geriatr J. 2019;22(2):64–74. doi:10.5770/cgj.22.357
  2. McGarrigle L, Squires E, Wallace LMK, Godin J, Gorman M, Rockwood K, Theou O. Investigating the feasibility and reliability of the Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale. Age Ageing. 2019;48(6):832–837. doi:10.1093/ageing/afz111
  3. Wallace LMK, McGarrigle L, Rockwood K, Andrew MK, Theou O. Validation of the Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale in a memory clinic setting. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020;32(9):1063–1072. doi:10.1017/S1041610219000905
  4. Cooper L, Deeb A, Dezube AR, Mazzola E, Dumontier C, Bader AM, Theou O, Jaklitsch MT, Frain LN. Validation of the Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale in a thoracic surgery clinic. Ann Surg. 2023;277(5):e1150–e1156. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000005381
  5. Ahip SS, Ghazali SS, Theou O, Samad AA, Lukas S, Mustapha UK, Thompson MQ, Visvanathan R. The Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care. Fam Pract. 2023;40(2):290–299. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmac089
  6. Theou O, Rockwood K. Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale. In: Ruiz JG, Theou O, eds. Frailty: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Assessment, Management, and Prevention. Cham: Springer; 2024:131–135. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57361-3_18
  7. Geriatric Medicine Research, Dalhousie University. Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale. https://www.dal.ca/sites/gmr/our-tools/pictorial-fit-frail-scale.html